Internationally, the notion that work should pay a living wage has a long history and broad appeal. A living wage is one that allows workers and their families a decent standard of living, relative to contemporary norms in their society. Major declarations by the United Nations and International Labour Organization affirm the importance of a living wage for eliminating hardship, ensuring social stability and securing workers’ freedom and dignity. Indeed, it is considered a basic right.
A living wage that households need in Singapore
Despite the persistence of low wages, policymakers in Singapore have been reluctant to consider setting a universal wage floor that allows a decent standard of living. In 2021, drawing on MIS research, we calculated a Singapore living wage based on the budgets that households require to meet basic needs. That figure has since been revised to reflect the latest MIS update.
Living wage for households in Singapore in 2022
Monthly amounts, $ | Two children (below 2, 2–6 years old) | Two children (2–6, 7–12 years old) | Two children (7–12, 13–18 years old) |
---|---|---|---|
MIS budget | 6,324 | 6,451 | 6,693 |
Household work income needed to reach MIS budget after taxes and transfers | 5,272 | 6,045 | 6,624 |
Work income needed per working parent | 2,636 | 3,023 | 3,312 |
Living wage (average)* | 2,990 |
This amount—$2,990 per month—provides a starting point and a reasonable target for considering a living wage for Singapore. In 2022, the actual median work income among all full-time workers was already $5,070 (including employer CPF), or 1.7 times of $2,990. Entry-level wages under the Progressive Wage Model, on the other hand, are 28% to 53% short, after including employer CPF contributions.
How the living wage is calculated
Although there are variations in the way living wages are calculated internationally, the core method has three steps:
- The first step is to define what standard of living the living wage should enable and what this will cost. Different approaches may vary in terms of how far they draw on experts or public consensus to establish the definition and costs.
- The second step is to decide what types of households to take into account and the assumptions about their working patterns. In some instances, living wages are based on the needs of a few stylised, or the most common, household types. In other cases, calculations consider a wider range of household types and their distribution among the population. The assumed number of working persons in the household and their total work hours affect the amount of wages that each hour of work must generate in order to cover household costs. The lower the assumed amount of work, the higher the hourly wage rate needs to be.
- Finally, decisions must be made about what policies (i.e. taxes and benefits) to incorporate, how and how often to update these rates, and whether to allow variations across geographical regions that have different costs of living.
Useful resources
For more detail about the MIS findings, please see:
For information about living wages in other countries, please see:
- Global Living Wage Network
- Alberta Living Wage Network (Canada – Alberta)
- Living Wage for Families BC (Canada – British Columbia)
- Ontario Living Wage Network (Canada – Ontario)
- Living Wage NZ (New Zealand)
- Living Wage Foundation (the UK)
- Living Wage For US (the USA)
- Fair Wage Network (International)